The effect of piceatannol on the reproductive system in male rats exposed to lead

Reproductive system issues, which are often the result of environmental or molecular factors, could directly impact future generations. Recent research highlights that exposure to heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), can negatively affect the reproductive system and sperm quality. To mitigate this damage, studies have focused on natural antioxidants. This study explores the regulatory effects of piceatannol (PIC), a phenolic acid antioxidant, on the reproductive system of male rats exposed to Pb toxicity. A study was conducted using 24 male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing between 200-225 g, divided into 4 groups (n=6). Pb acetate was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 28 days. From the 15th day, PIC was administered at 5 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 28, sperm count, morphology, and oxidative stress markers such as ALAD, SOD, CAT, T-GSH, and MDA were analyzed, along with FSH, LH, and testosterone levels. DNA damage was measured using single-cell gel electrophoresis, and testis tissues were examined histologically. The experiments found that PIC helped restore antioxidant levels, reduced MDA, and normalized testosterone and FSH levels. DNA damage caused by Pb exposure was significantly reduced in the Pb+PIC group, becoming similar to control levels. Histological analysis also revealed tissue structure resembling the control group. Overall, PIC demonstrated a protective effect on the reproductive system by reducing lipid peroxidation, preventing DNA damage, and normalizing hormone levels in Pb-exposed male rats.