Evaluation of marginal and internal fit of permanent crowns produced at different building angles using additive manufacturing and mikro-computed tomography

This study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of permanent resin crowns produced at different printing angles using additive manufacturing technology. Two distinct permanent resin-based restorative materials, Saremco Crowntec and Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus, were utilized in this study. The crowns were printed at five different build orientations (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) using a 3D printer based on Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. After fabrication, all specimens were scanned using a mikro-computed tomography (Mikro-CT) system to analyze the marginal and internal adaptation quantitatively and three-dimensionally. Measurements were performed at multiple reference points in coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes to assess the adaptation characteristics comprehensively. The results obtained from the statistical analyses were used to compare the effects of printing angle, material type, and their interaction on the fit accuracy of the restorations. This study contributes to the understanding of how build orientation and material properties influence the clinical applicability and precision of additively manufactured permanent crowns