Politics of economy: History, theory and concept

The history of economics, which started with the views of Aristotle, maintains its place among the current issues today. The economy, which was interpreted as a means of living for a family in ancient times, continued its development by undergoing changes and transformations throughout the ages. With the transition of people to social life, the need for state regulation arose and as a result, people were enabled to act within the framework of certain laws. Political economy has been considered as a branch of science that examines all kinds of relations between people and people, between people and institutions, and between people and objects. The concept, which expresses a certain period and classical economics in terms of economics, was used together with the concept of politics until the mathematization process of the economy. The concept of political economy, which has been the source of the relations and tensions between economy and politics in the historical process, has led to some debates with the relatively early independence of the economy. In the thesis, first of all, the conceptualization process of the concept of political economy was discussed and in this context, the history of the concept was briefly explained, then the analysis of the basic concepts and definitions related to the subject was started. The basic concepts of political economy are labor-value, distinction between concrete and abstract labor, production, capital, property, class, fair price, commodity and surplus-value. Without clarification of these concepts, explanations about political economy will be insufficient. The emergence of these concepts has been the source of certain theories. These theories are briefly feudalism, mercantilism, physiocracy, liberalism, socialism and capitalism. In the historical process, there has been a transition from Aristotelian economy to political economy. Economics turned into a branch of science mathematically separated from politic, and different science of economics emerged from Aristotelian economics. Since the sociological, economic and political aspects of people and community are associated with each other, it is insufficient to seek absolute mathematical solutions to economic problems. For this reason, a return to political economy is needed. While examining the evolution of the related concept in the historical process in the thesis, it has been tried to include its traces in the tradition of Islamic thought.