Safety precautions in electric vehicles

In recent years, increasing use of the vehicles with development of technology has brought some problems with it. Due to widespread use of internal combustion engine vehicles, harmful gases cause significant environmental pollutions. To eliminate them, use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has gained importance. The selection of the motor to be used in the EVs is very important. Successful control performance, fast torque response, and high efficiency are desired from these motors. Therefore, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are preferred in this study. Thanks to developing motor designs, the PMSMs are placed into the wheels to reduce weight of the EV and Electronic Differential Systems (EDS) are used. In this study, a dynamic model of the EV is created by designing an EDS with four In-wheel PMSMs and safety precautions are studied. It is very important to safely control all equipment such as motor, driver, battery in EVs. Hence, Controller Area Network-Bus communication with high baud-rate is used. According to steering angle and speed of the EV, the PMSM speeds are calculated by simulations and experimental works. Then, a controller is designed and actual speeds of the PMSMs are compared with speeds taken from the EDS. This proposed method offers a simpler approach than complex methods in the literature. After, real-time images taken from a camera are processed by embedded system platforms and motors are controlled by preventing dangerous situations for the EV. Thus, a stable and reliable system is designed by providing robust and fast communication between all units.