Antioxidant enzyme levels and oxidative stress effects on brain, liver and kidney in Oreochromis niloticus one and combination of emamectine benzoate, thiamethoxam and nanoparticle titanium

The effects of emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam and titanium nanoparticle (alone and in mixtures) on the antioxidant system of Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Fish were exposed to 59.62 and 119.25 mg/L thiamethoxam, 110 and 220 μg/L emamectin benzoate, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L NP TiO2 and to 59.62 mg/L thiamethoxam + 110 μg/L emamectin benzoate + 1.0 mg/L NP TiO2 mixtures and 119.25 mg/L thiamethoxam + 220 μg/L emamectin benzoate + 5.0 mg/L NP TiO2 mixtures for 96 hours and 14 days to determine glutathione (GSH), total glutathione (tGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, GSH/GSSG ratio and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reduktase (GR), glutathione-S- transferase (GST) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in brain, liver and kidney tissues. There were significant changes in enzyme activities and content antioxidantlevel in brain, liver and kidney tissues of O. niloticus exposed to emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam and NP TiO2 alone and their mixtures compared to controls. All chemical treatments caused a decrease in GSH, tGSH and GSSG levels in liver and kidney tissues and an increase in brain tissue. GSH metabolism was insufficient in all applications and time in liver and kidney tissues. In liver and kidney tissues GPx and AChE activities decreased while GR and GST activities increased. In brain tissue GR, GPx and GST activities increased while AChE activitiy decreased. As a result these paremeters were all apropropriate for monitoring oxidative stress status of fish after exposure to emamectin benzoate, thiamethoxam and nanoparticle titanium. Keywords: Emamectin Benzoate, Thiamethoxam, Titanium Nanoparticle, Fish, Glutathione, Antioxidant Enzymes