The comparison of nickel-titanium rotary and reciprocating root canal preparation systems in endodontics

There are also available reciprocating instrumentation systems other than rotary instrumentation systems for root canal shaping. Reciproc and WaveOne are the single-use and single-file reciprocating systems that has been recently developed and introduced by different manufacturers. In this study, it is aimed to compare the shaping ability and reliability of Reciproc and WaveOne NiTi single-file reciprocating systems with ProTaper NiTi rotary system in curved simulated canals of transparent resin blocks and to examine the topographical changes on the surfaces of NiTi instruments after being used with rotary and reciprocating movement in curved simulated canals of resin blocks.In the first part of our study, after ninety resin blocks were separated into three groups, preoperative working lengths of simulated canals were determined, angles of curvature of canals were measured and preoperative digital images of the blocks in the mesiodistal, buccolingual and apicocoronal directions were taken. These three groups were shaped with three different instrumentation systems while active instrumentation times were being recorded (Group 1 with ProTaper SX-F2 instruments; group 2 with Reciproc R25 instrument; group 3 withWaveOne Primary instrument). After the shaping procedure, postoperative working lengths and angles of curvature of canals were measured again and postoperative digital images of the blocks in the mesiodistal, buccolingual and apicocoronal directions were taken. The preoperative and postoperative images were superimposed using special computer software programs and measurements were performed on the obtained images. Considering the mesiodistal direction, ProTaper system removed 190more material at the inner side of the curvature; WaveOne system removed more material at the outer side of the curvature as compared with the other instrumentation systems. Considering the buccolingual direction, WaveOne system removed more material at both the buccal and the lingual sides of the canal as compared with the other instrumentation systems. Considering the mesiodistal direction, ProTaper systemproduced a greater enlargement of the canal; considering the buccolingual direction, WaveOne system produced a greater enlargement of the canalas compared with the other instrumentation systems. The least amount of transportation was obtained with Reciproc system in mesiodistal direction and with ProTaper system in buccolingual direction. With regard to the instrumentation time, Reciproc and WaveOne systems were found faster and more effective; with regard to the working length alteration, ProTaper and Reciproc systems were found safer; with regard to the change of angles of canal curvature, Reciproc system was found safer. All the instrumentation systems were found safe with respect to the instrument fracture, as no instrument fracture was occured during preparation.In the second part of our study, three new ProTaper F2, Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary instruments and curved simulated canals of three transparent resin blocks were used. Before theinstrumentation procedure each instrument was placed on the AFM andanalyzed on 5 different points and 2 different areas located along a 3-mm section at the tip of the instrument using the dynamic mode operation.Preoperative three-dimensional AFM images and RMS and Ra values were recorded for each instrument. After the instrumentation procedure each instrument was placed on the AFM again and analyzed on the same points and areas of the instrument. Postoperative three-dimensional AFM images and RMS and Ra values were recorded for each instrument. After the instrumentation procedure all the araes on all the instruments revealed differences in RMS and Ra values and surface deterioration.In the 191analyzed araes the maximum surface deterioration was on WaveOne Primary instrument and minimum surface deterioration was on ProTaper F2 instrument. As obtained results changed as the dimension of the analyzed area changed, it was concluded that analyzing more than one arae was effective on the obtained results. Key words: Reciprocating movement, resin block, shaping ability, transportation, atomic force microscopy