Comparison of PTEN expression with prognostic factors in endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is nowadays the fourth most common cancer among women and it is the most common female cancer in America. Endometrial carcinomas as being the most common malignant tumors of the female genital system, while estrogen-dependent in 80-85% of cases, but not dependent in 10-15% of cases. Endometrial carcinomas are divided into two groups as type I and type II. Type I endometrial carcinomas are seen in a group of young patients aged 40-60 years with a history of anovulation or estrogen replacement therapy. They are usually well differentiated, without myometrial invasion and associated with endometrial hyperplasia. If type II endometrial carcinomas are aggressive tumors that are not associated with hyperplasia and excess estrogen. They develop from the background of endometrial atrophy. Patients as being mostly in postmenopausal period and are older than type I tumors. Tumor suppressor gene PTEN is one of the genes which frequently mutated in endometrial cancers. The most frequently changing gene in endometrial carcinoma, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is the tumor suppressor gene and the mutation rate is 30-50%. PTEN as being located in the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 at position 23.3 and encodes a phosphatase whose primary target is the lipid molecule called PIP3. PIP3 works on the signal transduction pathway that regulates cell growth and apoptosis. PTEN has been shown to be suppressor in tumor growth and inhibitory role in development and metastasis. These findings suggest that PTEN inactivation is effective in the early stages of the pathogenesis of endometrioid carcinoma. we created two groups in our study Control group: control group consisting of people who were not diagnosed with early age type2 endometrial cancer. a group of patients diagnosed with type 2 endometrial cancer not early estrogen dependent. Patient age, CEA, p53, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and cervical invasion values in the hospital archive of the patients were statistically evaluated within the control group and the patient group. PTEN, obtained by staining using primary antibody; control group H-score values were significantly higher than all patient groups. When the patient groups were evaluated among themselves; The H-score was significantly higher in the Grade 1 patient group. this shows that PTEN expression is correlated with grade in end2 endometrial cancers. When we evaluated PTEN expression values by qRT-PCR method, we reached the same results. In conclusion, PTEN gene expression may play a role in type 2 endometrial carcinogenesis as well as type1 endometrial cancers.