Energy drink effect on ADORa3 gene expression and study of its genetic polymorphisms on some physiological parameters among drinkers

The prevalence and popularity of energy drinks raises concerns about their effects on human health. Energy drink consumption is predominantly a public health concern among male adolescents and young adults. It is associated with an increase in substance abuse and risky behavior. The most common adverse events affect the cardiovascular, liver damage, kidney dysfunction and neurological systems. Commercial energy drinks are composed primarily of caffeine and numerous other ingredients, many of which have not been adequately studied and are poorly understood, particularly when consumed in excess. The stimulating impact of these beverages are related to their high quantity of caffeine, the most frequently used CNS stimulant in the world, as well as vitamins, taurine, guarana, and other components. Caffeine is responsible for the majority of the biological effects it causes in blocking the activity of all types of adenosine receptors, such as A1, A2A, and A3, that lead to exerts effects in some times on neurons and glial cells of all brain areas. The aim of study to detection the effect of consuming energy drinks on some physiological parameters, such as serum caffeine levels, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine levels, also to the investigate of effect the energy drinks on ADORA3 gene expression and the genotypes on some physiological parameters among the drinks. Totally 100 samples were collected from energy drink users and 20 control samples for comparison, for the period from April 2022 to July 2022. Several physiological and chemical tests (Caffeine, GOT, GPT, ALP, BU and SCR) were conducted to study the effect of energy drink consumption. Also, the genotypes rs923 and rs1544223 were investigated, the gene expression of the ADORa3 gene was studied and the relationship of the genotypes with the gene expression of energy drink consumers. The study found a substantial (P<0.05) rise in (Caffeine, GOT, GPT, ALP, BU and SCR) levels among energy drink drinkers as compared to control samples. The research revealed that both case and control samples have the highest prevalence of the rs923 SNP's GG genotype, followed by the GA genotype. Statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in the prevalence of rs923 SNP genotypes. As for the rs1544223 SNP, the study showed that the highest prevalence was for the CC genotype, followed by the CT genotype. Statistical analysis also did not show any significant differences in the prevalence of genotypes between case and control samples.