Development of a method for Antalya city in the context of energy efficient planning

One of the most important and lasting measures to be taken in cities for the reduction of urban heat island effect in the process of combating against climate change and global warming is energy efficient planning and design implementations. Energy efficient planning requires to be sensitive to the climatic and topographic features of the region when designing a space. The present study aims to develop an energy efficient planning approach that will support the master planning and design processes of the city of Antalya, where extreme climate events are experienced as a result of global warming in recent years. Firstly, the effect of urban heat island as well as the changes in land cover / use and vegetation presence / change leading to heat island formation in cities was investigated. The climatic and regional microclimatic characteristics of the city were determined by means of the surface temperatures calculated by satellite imagery and the climatic values measured from fixed stations to determine the heat island domain. In urban, rural and semi-rural settlement blocks, which were selected according to land use and temperature relations, urban features directing the energy efficient planning and design such as zoning plans, construction situation, wind direction, aspects, sunshine hours, sky view factor, insolation and shading ratios, the presence of vegetation and so on were examined. Energy efficient planning and design tools have been suggested for the settlement blocks in Döşemealtı, Kepez and Muratpaşa districts, which are defined as separate urban climate zones. According to the results of climatic measurements conducted in Antalya city for one year and surface temperature analysis conducted in August, both the surface heat island and the urban heat island effect are seen in the whole city, including rural and semi- rural areas. It was found that the main reason for this is the reduction of land cover changes and vegetation density in rural and semi-rural areas; that the heat island effect is alleviated between 6 and 9 ° C due to the impact of the sea on the coastal areas and the green areas and water surfaces in the inner parts; that the temperature difference between the city center and rural and semi-rural areas is 2.60 - 3.80 ° C; that the vegetation density in the green areas in the city center is between 0,4 - 0,6; and that there was a 24% reduction in natural areas and agricultural fields between 1987 and 2010. It was concluded that this methodological approach within the scope of energy efficient planning for Antalya city can be applied to other cities. For this purpose, it is necessary to customize the general energy efficient planning criteria determined according to the climate class, in which the cities are located, with researches about the urban heat island and microclimate of the city in question and to determine the specific criteria for the region and the purpose of the study.