The role of socio-cultural factors in the spatial organization of migration to Erciş city center after 1980

Migration is a horizontal movement from one place to another, including its reasons. Migrations from past to present have been made to live more comfortably. It can be said that migration started with the emergence of humanity. Places with comfortable socioeconomic conditions have become centers of migration. The phenomenon of migration affects the places that give and receive migration. Migrations are categorized as internal and external migration according to distance. Therefore, internal migration begins to differ depending on the situation within the country. In addition, the role of tribe, family, blood ties and citizenship in spatial organization, which are among the sociocultural factors that are effective in the background of internal migration, is important. Tribes, which form the strong social organization of rural areas, and tribes, dynasties and families, which form the sub-units of this organization, are important structures. The loyalty and dependency of a strong organization is strengthened by blood ties. In this context, kinship ties reinforced by marriages have an important role in the continuation of the mentioned organization. Although the contribution of this unwritten organization in migration forms the background of migration; With the migration movement, its reflections in the city reveal different organizations. Structures such as citizenship are a forced organization created by the capitalist structure of the city. Therefore, although the places receiving immigration do not eliminate the higher organization, they partially weaken this organization. It is possible that places that receive immigrants are more socially and economically preferable than their surroundings. If the cities are a place that is suitable for development in all aspects compared to its surroundings, it will attract immigration. The city that received the immigrants has remarkable points compared to the surrounding settlements. It is known that the attractive reasons of cities create the adventure of migration. The reflection of the phenomenon of migration on space and the impact of the social and cultural factors it brings can be seen. Migration and space are, of course, important notions of every discipline. The consequences of migration vary depending on the socioeconomic status of the countries. It can be said that migration in Turkey has concentrated from rural to urban centers with the development of industry. Erciş city center receives periodic migration from both its own countryside and the surrounding districts. While the population of Erciş city center was 2813 in 1927, it is seen that it was 3700 in 1935 and 4715 in 1940 (DİE). Since the city center has constantly become a migration area compared to the surrounding areas, it is seen that it had a population of 27582 people in 1980, 40481 people in 1990, 70881 people in 2000, 77065 people in 2010 and 90982 people in 2020. It is known that the role of social and cultural factors in the migration that Erciş city received to the city center after 1980 constitutes the background of the migration. It is also understood from the migrations that Erciş city center has the pull factors that ensure the formation of migration compared to the surrounding settlements and that it is a gradual migration area. The intensity of migration to Erciş city center, in particular, coincides with the period after 1980. With the aforementioned characteristics, Erciş is one of the places receiving migration in the region, and in order to scientifically determine how it is affected by the migration phenomenon; Örene, Yeşilova, Beyazıt, Salihiye, Çelebibağı and Adnan Menderes neighborhoods constitute the sample area of this research. Therefore, Erciş, which has important attractive features for migration, continued to receive migration after 1980; and the reflection of the roles that are effective in the background of being the center of migration compared to the surrounding city centers is a part of the research subject. One of the findings revealed within the scope of the study is that the neighborhoods that constitute the sample area of the city center receive intense migration. In line with this determination, in this research, surveys and interviews were conducted to reveal the role of sociocultural factors in the spatial organization of post-1980 migrations to Erciş city center. In addition to literature review, it was aimed to investigate the role of sociocultural factors in the spatial organization of migrations to Erciş city center, both from the rural areas of the city and from surrounding cities, by using survey and interview methods. In line with the determined purpose, the effects of migration on the city will be emphasized depending on the importance of the spatial distribution of migrations to the Erciş city center after 1980 in the historical process and the role of social and cultural factors.