Determination of fungal problems in apple orchards in Ereğli (Konya) province and evaluation of manufacturers' approaches

In the survey study carried out to determine the fungal diseases that occur in the apple orchards of Ereğli (Konya) district, it is seen that Apple Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) is the most common disease in June with a rate of 12.3%. This was followed by Alternaria Blotch (Alternaria mali) with 5.8% and Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) with 2.9%. Powdery mildew was mostly seen in Gala, Golden and Grany Smith varieties (14.7-18.9%), while Apple Scab was observed in Jeramine, Scarlet and Super Chief varieties (8.0-8.7%). Fusarium species were the most isolated fungal agents in their isolation from infected seedling roots (47.2% and 41.8%). Rhizoctonia (23.6% and 22.1%) and Botryosphaeria (16.0 and 16.7%) species followed this. Molecular diagnosis showed that there were 14 fungal species belonging to 8 genera. As a result of pathogenicity carried out on apple seedlings, Neofusicoccum parvum caused 100% disease severity, followed by Dactylonectria torresensis, Fusarium proliferatum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae with 88.9%. The areas of necrosis formed as a result of infection on rootstock and scion were again highest in Neofusicoccum parvum (494 and 468 mm2, respectively). Ereğli apple producers in their responses to the survey questions; The fact that the cultivars with the diseases were similar to those obtained during the survey showed that the producers were close to the diseases. However, they seem to be careless about drug consumption. Key words: Apple diseases, Neofusicoccum parvum, Questionnaire