Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 VE IFN-γ levels and immune responses with cutaneous Leishmaniasis in protection and pathogenesis

The study aimed to determine how the Leishmania parasite affects its host cell by measuring Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17), and Interferon-Gamma (IFN- γ). Two hundred and twenty-five positive cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) and 100 samples of control group were collected from October 2021 to March 2022 and were diagnosed in the Hospital of the Babylon Governorate, Iraq. The results showed that the prevalence of infection in rural regions (61.77%) was more than in urban regions (38.22%), where the infection was most common in children aged 6 - 15 years. Further, the percentage of infection in males (58.22%) was more than in females (41.77%). The serum levels were increased for TNF-α (46.53 pg/ml), IL-6 (9.94 pg/ml), IL-10 (115 pg/ml), IL-13 ( 58.08 pg/ml), IL-17 (58.14 pg/ml), and IFN-γ (38.23 pg/ml) in patients compared with the control. In conclusion, the increasing levels of these interleukins, TNF-α, IFN-γ indicated a disturbance of the immune system during CL infections.