Effect of explant types and nutrient media on micropropagation of tokat garlic (Allium sativum L.)

In garlic, micro-propagation technique is used to obtain many new plants. Many factors such as genotype, nutrient media and plant growth regulators are effective on the success of micro-propagation in garlic. In this study, micro-propagation possibilities of local Tokat garlic genotype were investigated. Shoot tip, root tip and basal stem were used eksplant. Explants were culturen on MS (Murashige and Skoog) (1962) and B5 (Gamborg et al., 1968) media supplemented with 2,4-D (0-0.1-1.0 mg.l-1) and Kinetin (0-0.1-1.0-2.0 mg.l-1. Cultured explants were incubated for 15 days in dark conditions and 16/8 hours in day / night conditions. Subsequently, all explants were placed under 16/8 hours night / day, 300 lux light and 25 ± 2 oC temperature conditions. After the callus formation, callus were cultured in MS nutrient media supplemented with 2,4-D and GA3 (0.1 and 1.0 mg.l-1). As a result, callus and embryo were not obtained from the shoot tip. Explants cultured in the dark only increased embryo formation in the basal stem. B5 medium was more effective in embryo and callus formation. Increased doses of 2,4-D increased callus formation. Embryo formation was more frequent in callus originated from basal stem. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg.l-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg.l-1 GA3 increased embryo formation from callus.