The effects of different fertilizer forms on yield and somequality characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aesti̇vum L.)

This study was conducted under the ecological conditions of Tokat during the 2023–2024 growing season to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer forms (ammonium sulfate, urea, and nitropower) on yield and quality traits in bread wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot Design based on Randomized Complete Blocks, using six different wheat genotypes (Panhandle, Robidoux, NE14691, NE15624, Sönmez-2001, and Flamura-85) and three different nitrogen forms (ammonium sulfate, urea, and nitropower). Parameters such as heading time, grain filling duration, maturity time, plant height, number of spikes per m², number of spikelets and grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, thousand kernel weight, hectoliter weight, crude protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation value, and starch content were evaluated. The results showed that genotypes had a statistically significant effect on all traits except biological yield and hectoliter weight. Among the genotypes, Flamura-85 and Robidoux stood out with their high grain yield, while NE14691, NE15624, and Panhandle genotypes exhibited superior performance in quality-related traits such as crude protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value. Among the nitrogen forms, only the thousand kernel weight was significantly affected by nitrogen treatment, with Nitropower application leading to an increase in this trait. In addition, the effects of nitrogen forms on total yield, grain yield, and hectoliter weight were found to vary depending on the genotype. The findings highlight the importance of selecting suitable genotype–fertilizer combinations to improve both yield and quality in wheat production. Nitrogen management should be tailored not only to environmental conditions but also to the responses of genotypes and the forms of nitrogen applied. Therefore, it is scientifically recommended to conduct multi-year studies that also include different nitrogen doses. Keywords: Bread Wheat, Nitrogen Form, Genotype, Grain Yield, Quality Parameters