Development of forensic analysis methods for different fibers via molecular, microscopic and spectroscopic ways

As in many fields of science and technology, with advancing technology in forensic sciences, by using the advanced investigation techniques, "the concepts of crime and offender" have begun to be assessed in the context of evidence. Textile products are evidences that can be possibly found at the crime scenes and absolutely nonnegligible. Because, everyone that offends and exposed to crime is interacting with textile surfaces and accessories. Identification methods for single textile fibers are in demand for forensic applications, and nondestructive methods with minimal pretreatment have the greatest potential for utility. In the present study, in order to form more reliable evidences related to the forensic case; studies intended to compose new methods or animal fibers based on molecular methods, and also for some vegetable and synthetic fibers based on microscopic, spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. In this context, a kit is made for molecular identification of animal fibers by means of multiplex PCR formed over the cytB gene; that gives bands at 623, 309, 265, 201 and 70 base pairs for five animals (horse, sheep, cow, rabbit and cat) respectively. By means of the molecular method that is relevant to animal fibers, it was possible to characterize and identify a lot of animal fibers in a sitting; so offender and doubter connection can be easily established. Furthermore, this method can be used in determination of the correct value of the fibres as a solution of the mislabeling and adulteration in textile industry. For synthetic and vegetable fibres, identification of fibers by means of chromatografic method is defined at high accuracy whereas identification of dyestuffs on the same kind of fiber stayed limited with microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Chromatografic identification is performed for dyestuffs extracted from case fibers. For basic dyestuffs retention times are 4,25; 5,7 and 3,5 min. and maximum absorbance values are 598; 498 and 430 nm. according to the colors (blue, red and yellow). For acid dyestuffs; retention times are 9,75; 9,59 and 9,25 min. and maximum absorbance values are 657, 520 and 400 nm. It is found that for reactive dyetuffs retention times are 11,30; 10,75 and 6,36 min. and maximum absorbance values are 606; 524 and 429 nm. As a result, animal fibers are succesfully identified according to the species by means of the molecular method developed. And also microscopic, spectroscopic and chromatografic methods developed that aid to identify synthetic and vegetable fibres. By means of these methods existence of the dyestuffs are determined but these methods stayed limited for determination of the dyestuff classes.