Physiological, phenological, anatomical and morphological effects of maneb on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plant

This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological, phenological, anatomical and morphological effects of a widely used fungicide (80% maneb + 16% manganese + 4% zinc ion) used as a pesticide against anthracnose and rust diseases in bean plants, as well as the application of two-fold lower and two-fold upper doses (control, 0.5 gr/L, 1gr/L, 2gr/L, 4gr/L, 8gr/L) on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants, as well as the amount of pesticide residue that may occur in the plant. The sand culture experiment was established according to a randomized block design with five replicates. At the end of 70 days, the experiment was completed, the determined parameters were measured and the data were recorded. As a result of fungicide application, a decrease was detected in anatomical findings in the recommended dose of 2 gr/L and high doses of 4 gr/L and 8 gr/L application groups compared to the control group. In physiological findings, an increase in the amount of maneb residue in plant roots, stems and leaves, and decreases in chlorophyll carotenoid amounts and wet dry weight ratios were detected. In morphological findings, decreases were detected in root and stem lengths, root, stem and leaf areas. In phenological findings, changes were recorded in flower and fruit formation times. As a result, the applied fungicide caused toxic effects on physiological, phenological, anatomical and morphological parameters in the bean plant in parallel with the increase in concentration.