Identification of DNA markers through association mapping of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mn, Mg elements in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

According to the statistics of 2016 of Turkey, Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is produced in 898.197 da area and the production is about 235.000 metric tons. Common bean yield is about 262 kg/da. Common bean is a good source of nutrient with protein, carbohydrate and also low fat. GBS is a new method and 16,366 SNPs were determined with this methodology. Additionally 74 SSR markers that were mapped common bean genome. Those makers were used to determine the genotypic STRUCTURE of the 177 genotypes that is grown in Turkey and also in different countries. ∆K value was determined as 2. Therefore the population diided into 2 groups. LD value was also identified in this population. Genetic distance was detected using "poppr'' library in R software. The most distant genotypes were 45 (Horoz Fasulye/Türkiye) and 91 (Fasulye Oturak/Türkiye) (0.0036). The genetically closest two genotypes were detected as 58 (Piyazlık/Türkiye) and 139 (Mas Fasulyesi/Türkiye) (0.65). Analysis of plant nutrient uptake in seeds (Fe, Zn, Ca, Mn and Mg) was carried out with 3 replications complete randomized block design and in 2 locations (Bornova and menemen) and during 2 years. Association mapping analysis was carried out in TASSEL software using MLM (Q + K). The results from the TASSEL was further analysed with False Discovery Rate (FDR) and showing significant P value markers were accepted as associated markers with certain traits. Results from the analysis presented as Manhattan Plot ve Q-Q Plot. A total of 26 SNP Markers associated with Ca, Mg, Mn ve Zn were detected. But we could find any association with Fe element. Finally association between plant nutrient uptake and SNP markers could be determined. This is the first time was identified that SNP through GBS help to determine assotiation between traits. The detected SNP s could be used in marker assisted selection, gene cloning and research on gene function that was isolated. Keywords: Common Bean, Association Mapping, Genotyping by Sequencing, SSR, Nutrient Elements