Fluoroquinolones resistance genes study and bioaccumulation of copper and cadmium by Stenotrophomonas maltophillia isolated from different sources

In this study, six hundred and ten samples were collected from different sources including sewage water, remnants of litter and hospital environment in Erbil city during the period between, forty eight isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophillia were identified by cultural, morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, Vitek2 system and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, through amplification of 23S rRNA after genome extraction from all isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophillia. Antibiotic sensitivity tests for all 48 isolates were done by using nine different antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Amikacin, Trimethoprime, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin and Ceftazidime. According to the resistance pattern, they were classified into thirty eight groups with variation in their resistance to tested antibiotics, in which isolates S16 and S25 were showed high resistance (77.7 %) to antibiotics under study, these isolates consider multi drug resistance. Ciprofloxacin was more effective than the other antibiotics on Stenotrophomons maltophillia (100 % sensitive). Stenotrophomonas maltophillia more important between to remove or absorb of copper and cadmium in 25 °C at pH 7 after 72 hours incubation. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to determine the presence of the CopA and CadA genes responsible for the absorption of copper and cadmium. ParC, SmeD, GyrA, SmeE and SmeF genes were detection that responsible for fluoroquinolones resistance. Temperature at 46°C and pH 9 were cured two plasmids that Amikacin changed from resistance to sensitive. While elevated temperature 46°C with pH 9 combined were cured three plasmids, Amikacin and Trimethoprime changed from resistance to sensitive. That appear genes responsible for Amikacin and Trimethoprime resistance located on the plasmid DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis was done to confirm the curing process. Temperature at 46°C and pH 9 were used as curing agent from selected isolate. The results revealed that two plasmids from S25 were cured in which Amikacin. Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Cadmium, Copper, Fluoroquinolones resistance Stenotrophomonas maltophillia