The effect of follicular fluid levels of GDF9 and BMP15 on oocyte and embryo quality

Methods: The levels of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 propeptide and mature forms were estimated by western blot analysis. The levels of follicular fluid FSH, estradiol and progesterone were measured with automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassaysResults: Ninety seven follicular fluid samples and oocytes were included to this study. The propeptide form of GDF9 and BMP15 were detected in all samples, however the mature forms were evident in 88 (90,7%) and 58 (59,8%) respectively. Mature GDF9 levels were significantly correlated with nuclear maturation of oocytes (p<0.05). Mean mature GDF9 level was 4,30±0,56 in high embryo quality group, and was 1,45±0,81 in low embryo quality group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Furthermore, mature GDF9 levels were significantly higher in clinical pregnant group (p<0.05). Neither propeptide GDF9 nor mature and propeptide BMP15 levels, were statistically significant according to oocyte morphology, fertilization, cleavage and embryo quality evaluation. There was not any correlation between follicular fluid hormone (FSH, estradiol, progesterone) and GDF9, BMP15 levels. Follicular fluid FSH levels were significantly lower in clinical pregnant group (p<0,05).Conclusion(s): Higher mature GDF9 levels were significantly correlated with nuclear maturation, quality of embryos and clinical pregnancy rate. Treatment results may be improved with the usage of recombinant mature GDF9 in IVF culture media