Experimental analysis of electrical and thermal efficiensy in photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) solar collector

As a result of the retention of solar radiation on the cell surfaces of PV (photovoltaic) panels, a decrease in the efficiency of the system's electrical energy production is observed with the heating of the cells. Solving this fundamental problem can prevent the efficiency drop in PV panels. In this study, it has been tried to increase efficiency by removing the excess heat generated in the PV panel from the cooling coil and the back surface of the PV panel. By comparing two photovoltaic panels with the same characteristics, an experimental investigation was carried out under the same environment and environmental conditions. Water was used as the refrigerant. For the module where the cooling process is carried out, the refrigerant was supplied to the system by adjusting the speed with a flow meter every 15 minutes. According to the results of the study, the overall efficiency of the PV panel without cooling was realized as maximum 16,12%.The total efficiency (electrical + thermal efficiency) of the PV/T module, in which the cooling process is performed, was realized as a maximum of 69.38%. The electrical efficiency of the cooled PV panel was maximum 17.56%. According to the results of the study, this type of PV/T module can provide both electrical and thermal energy needs for residences, hotels and dormitories as an integrated structure.