The effect of bone marrow-derived mesencyhmal stem cell to cause of central nerve system damage use of valproic acid in pregnant rats

Epilepsy is a disease characterized by seizures that are not triggered by a sudden and recurrent episode that occurs in abnormal and excessive electrical discharge outcome in cortical neurons. Epilepsy is widespread throughout the world, regardless of ethnic background, age, gender, and social class. It is estimated that it affects 50 million people in the world. Various antiepileptic drugs are used in the treatment of epilepsy. Some of these are benzodiazepines, GABA (Gamma aminobutyric acid) analogs and hormones. Another antiepileptic drug used in the treatment of epilepsy is valproic acid. However, valproic acid has very important side effects in use in pregnancy. The most important side effects are neural tube defects such as spina bifida, myelomeningocele, limb malformations, lip scars, cardiovascular malformations and facial dysmorphism. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the neural tube defects and / or other congenital malformations that may occur in fetuses due to the use of valproic acid in pregnant rats. In our study, 2 different groups were assigned as treatment and control on the 9th day of 24 adult "Wistar Albino" female rat pregnancies. Valproic acid (VPA) was injected subcutaneously into 8 of 16 rats on the 9th day of the pregnancies in the experimental group while mesenchymal stem cells obtained from both the VPA (subcutaneous) and rat bone marrow were injected into the other 8 via the tail vein on the same day. 8 rats in the control group were given phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the tail vein on day 9 of their pregnancy. The brain and spinal cord of fetuses removed on the 21st day of 24 pregnant "Wistar Albino" type included in the study. After tissue embedding, these tissues were histological stained with Hematoxilen&Eosine and Toluidine Blue O; immunohistochemically stained with S100b. Key words: Epilepsy, valproic acid, neural tube defect, S100b, mesencyhmal stem cell.