Factors affecting the corporate social performance of businesses in the context of emerging country: The case of Turkey

In this research, it is aimed to understand the factors affecting the CSP level of the enterprises at the sector level, company level and individual level and to reveal the issues on which CSP activities are mainly carried out in terms of process, time and stakeholder dimensions. In the research, mixed research method was applied by using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis together. In the qualitative analysis process, content analysis was conducted and it was determined that the enterprises mostly carried out CSP activities in the community theme, CSP activities were generally short-term and focused on internal stakeholders. As a result of the regression analysis, it has been determined that the media, as a normative pressure tool at both the sector level and the firm level, affects the total CSP level of the enterprises and thus the institutional environment plays a relatively decisive role in the CSP level of the enterprises. From this point of view, it can be said that enterprises act within the framework of instrumental stakeholder theory and they tend to carry out CSP activities in order to increase legitimacy in the eyes of stakeholders. However, the results of the research indicate that the motives specified in the socio-emotional wealth theory do not have an effect on the CSP level of the enterprises. Finally, at the individual level, within the framework of the upper echelons theory, it has been revealed that the experience of CEOs in the output function has a significant positive effect on the CSP level of the enterprises.