Effect of ferulic acid on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity

Objective: Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside group antibiotic used in the treatment of diseases caused by life-treatining Gram negative bacteria. Although it has a wide bactericidal spectrum against gram negative bacteria, it has a wide range of applications due to its low cost and microorganisms that are resistant to beta-lactams.The most important side effect is nephrotoxicity and it is responsible for 10-20% of patients with acute renal failure. Ferulic acid is phenolic acid found in the seeds and leaves of plants. Especially in rice, wheat, oats, oranges, pineapple, artichoke, such as the amount of plants is quite large. In addition, the chemical structure is a strong antioxidant similar to that of kurkumin and belongs to the hydroxycinnamic acid family. Previous studies have shown that ferulic acid is an antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals such as superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals which damage DNA. Histological study of the effects of ferulic acid against gentamicin-induced kidney damage was not reported in the literature. In this study, we aimed to investigate the histochemical, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and biochemical effects of the application of ferulic acid, a powerful antioxidant against damage in rat kidney tissue, in which nephrotoxicity was induced by gentamicin. Method: We used 28 wistar albino strain female rats in our study. We collected our subjects in four groups as control = Group 1 (n = 7), Gentamicin = Group 2 (n = 7), Gentamicin + ferulic acid = Group 3 (n = 7) and Ferulic acid = Group 4 (n = 7). We collected blood and urine samples by resting all groups at the beginning and end of the experiment in 24-hour metabolic cages.We did not apply anything to our control group(Group 1). Gentamicin (80mg / kg) was injected into the gentamicin group (Group 2) once daily for 8 days with a single dose of ip. Gentamicin + ferulic acid group (Group 3) was administered a single daily dose of (80 mg / kg) per day for 8 days with Gentamycin and pO pathway for ferulic acid (50 mg / kg). Ferulic acid was administered to the ferulic acid group (Group 4) for 8 days with a single dose of p.o. (50 mg / kg) per day. At the end of the 8th day, subjects were kept in metabolic cages for 24 hours and urine and blood samples were taken and sacrification was performed. The tissue samples obtained by sacrification were evaluated histologically and biochemically.In control and ferulic acid groups, normal results were obtained histologically, immunohistochemically and biochemically, whereas in gentamicin group, tubular dilatation, brushed edge loss, tubular degeneration, hyaline cast and mononuclear cell infiltration in kidney tissue and urinary urea and creatinine values were found to be increased.VEGF, KIM-1, Caspase 3 immunoreactivity was also increased in the Gentamycin group.Changes in the gentamicin group was observed to be significantly reduced in the Gentamicin + Ferulic acid group. Conclusion: Based on the obtained, we observed that ferulic acid has a protective effect on nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin. Key Words: Kidney, Gentamicin, Ferulic Acid, Rat