The effect of gince zumba and brain fit exercise programs on motor functions and cognitive skills of individuals with down syndrome

This study aims to address deficiencies in motor and cognitive skill acquisition in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) through scientifically-based, innovative exercise programs, evaluate their effects, and compare these programs. The study employed a controlled experimental design with a pre/post-test control group randomized method and criterion sampling technique. Participants included 21 individuals with DS (10 girls, 11 boys) aged 7–15 years, residing in Adana, with no additional disabilities and parental consent. Mean age, height, and weight were 10.41±3.0, 130.02±16.4, and 37.02±13.6, respectively. Participants were divided into Gince Zumba Group (GZG), Brain Fit Group (BFG), and Control Group (CG). The GZG and BFG groups participated in 16-week exercise programs, twice a week, 1 hour per session. Pre- and post-assessments were conducted using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and the Cognitive Mapping Test (CogMap). Statistical analysis (p<0.05) showed significant differences in motor, visual, auditory, focus, locomotor, and object control skills in the intervention groups compared to CG. The BFG outperformed the GZG in motor, visual, focus, locomotor, and object control skills, while the GZG showed greater improvement in auditory skills, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility. In conclusion, the exercise programs contributed significantly to the development of motor and cognitive skills in individuals with DS and identified areas where each program offers advantages. These findings provide a foundation for designing tailored exercise programs. Keywords: cognitive, BrainFit, cogmap, Down syndrome, zumba