2 and 3 dimensional design and lost analysis using the finite element medhods for power transformers

Increasing population and industrialization in the world are increasing the importance of electric energy transmission. The greatest advantage of this energy source is that it can be easily transported to areas far from where it is produced. In order for this to be carried out efficiently, the voltage must be as high as possible. The voltage increase can be done with the aid of a transformer. A small improvement to the power transformers has a big precaution. Various studies are continuously carried out to obtain higher efficiency than power transformers. These studies can be classified as type of core and coil of transformer, geometrical structure of resonance, winding methods of windings. The finite element method geometry is a numerical method that allows the study of complex shapes. The solution region can be divided into sub-regions and more precise solutions can be made to some sub-regions as needed. In this study, design and simulation of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) step-by-step power transformer with label information is performed using Ansys Maxwell package program which analyzes by finite element method. In the analysis, the induced voltage in the primary and secondary windings, the induced voltage in the step windings, the phase currents in the primary and secondary windings, the loss of idle iron, the loss of copper at full load, the forces acting on the windings and the nodule flux distribution were obtained. The average loss value of the analyzed transformer 2B and 3B iron and copper was compared with the iron and copper loss values of the real transformer given the test results. It has been found that the losses obtained as a result of 3D analysis are closer to the lost values of the real transformer. By examining the distribution of fluxes on the power transformer's core, it is visually determined in which regions the momentary losses are intense. The analysis results obtained in 2D and 3D simulations were compared and it was determined that the results obtained in the 3D analysis were more accurate. The reasons for the difference between the analysis values of the 3D simulation and the label information of the real transformer were examined. This difference may be due to differences in the ideal properties of the materials in the transformers manufactured, the duration of the simulation and manufacturing faults. It has been determined that the transformer has a higher force acting on the primary and secondary windings than on idle operation at full load.