Evaluation of the effects of current remineralization agents on enamel with different methods

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to quantitatively evaluate the remineralization capacity of natural medicaments such as ginger, grape seed extract and rosemary, and materials containing casein and hydroxyapatite of initial caries lesions in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: In our study, 42 enamel samples Group-I (10% Casein) Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate [CPP-ACP], GC Tooth Mousse, Group-II (Rosemary Oil), Group-III (ginger+honey), Group-IV (ginger+honey+cocoa), Group-V (grape seed extract) and Group-VI (control group; remineralization solution). The enamel samples, whose initial surface microhardness and DIAGNOdent analyzes were performed, were kept in demineralization solution for 72 hours to create an artificial caries lesion. Surface microhardness and DIAGNOdent analyzes were recorded after demineralization. Grouped remineralization agents were applied to the enamel samples with artificial caries lesions during the six-day pH cycle. After this cycle, surface microhardness and DIAGNOdent measurements were made and recorded. The data obtained in the research were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) were used while evaluating the data. Compliance of numerical data with normal distribution was tested with the Shaphiro Wilk test. ANOVA test and Student Newman-Keuls test were used for the comparison of normally distributed variables in six groups. Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxen Signed Rank test were used to compare the non-normally distributed variables in six groups. Friedman two-way analysis of variance was used to compare dependent measures. The results were evaluated at the p<0.05 significance level. Results: As a result of the study, although remineralization was observed in all groups in DIAGNOdent measurements, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). In surface microhardness measurements, all test materials showed significantly more remineralization than fluoride toothpaste, and grape seed extract was found to be the most successful group (p≤0.05). In surface microhardness measurements, there were significant statistical differences between the groups when compared with the positive control group (p≤0.05). The remineralization capacities of the groups whose activities were examined are listed as grape seed extract > ginger+honey+cocoa > ginger+honey > rosemary oil > GC tooth mousse. Conclusions: It is thought that rosemary, ginger + honey + cocoa, grape seed extract materials can be used for remineralization under the conditions of this study where the initial caries lesions can be remineralized after six days. Key Words: rosemary, surface microhardness, DIAGNOdent, remineralization, grape seed extract, ginger.