Güney Amerika'da post-neoliberal bölgeselleşme: ALBA-TCP ve 'Pembe Dalga'nın düşüşü

Regional integration models have been crucial to influence political atmosphere. Existed integration models mostly have had a mainstream (realist/neoliberal) character. In this context the first two regionalism generations ('old' and 'new' regionalisms) reflected their era's dominant paradigms: First wave based on a state-centric, closed structure and prioritized security needs. Second wave ('new' regionalism) created a pro-market regional organization model. It is deeply fed from neoliberalism that started to influence the entire world since late-1970s. Neoliberalism was implemented by different dynamics in core and periphery countries. Its fundamental logic is deregulation, liberalization and privatization of public resources and services. These actions paved social uprisings organized against pro-market governments and principles. South America has been one of the places that have experienced such protests and reflective actions. From late-1990s, lots of South American countries have witnessed left-wing (radical or reformist) social democratic parties came to power; this trend was called the 'Pink Tide'. The biggest contribution of the Pink Tide to the South American integration is their alternative initiative against neoliberal regionalization: ALBA-TCP (Allienza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra America-Tratado de Commercio de Pueblo). This work examines ALBA's structure and dynamics along with the post-neoliberal regionalization (third wave regionalism) that came into existence with ALBA. It also assesses whether the Pink Tide governments and ALBA organized an alternative order to neoliberal regional integration. In this direction, ALBA's intergovernmental base and its shortcomings are analyzed.