Investigation of cytotoxic effects and anticancer activities at the level of gene of endemic 6 salvia species growing in southeastern anatolia region and some secondary metabolites obtained

Aim: It has been reported that approximately 2% to 3% of annual deaths in the world are caused by cancer and approximately 3.5 million people die from cancer annually. It is also known that extracts from Salvia species show activity against a large number of cancer cells. In this context, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the anticancer activity at the gene level of secondary metabolites which purified and 12 extracts from 6 endemic Salvia species. Materials and Methods: The effects on cell viability and apoptosis were investigated on two different cancer cell lines and a healthy cell line (MCF-7, HT-29 and PDF). Cell viability was measured using the MTT cell proliferation kit. The effects of the samples on the expression of apoptosis genes (Bax and Bcl-2) were measured using the Western Blot method. Results: It was determined that 12 extracts which studied showed cytotoxic effects against HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines only at high concentrations. However, these concentrations were also found to be toxic against healthy fibroblast cell line. In contrast to the extracts, some of the isolated substances were found to have highly cytotoxic potential. It was determined that the compounds which obtained in the diterpene structure (6,7-dehydroroyleanone, acetyl royleanone, ferruginol, inuroyleanol, 12-demethylmultikaulin, 12-hydroxy abieta-1,3,5(10),8,11,13-hekzan) and 4 new compounds (21α-hydroxy-2α,3β-diacetoxy-urs-9(11),12-diene, 3β-hydroxy-2α-acetoxy-urs-9 (11),12-diene, 2α,3β,21α-trihydroxy-urs-9(11),12-diene and 1α,21α-dihydroxy-2,3-(1,1-dimethyl-dioximethylene)-urs-9(11),12-diene) in the structure of the triterpene were found to have quite high cytotoxic potential. Conclusion: As a result, 6 endemic Salvia species were examined for the first time in detail in terms of chemical and biological aspects. The results of this thesis will contribute significantly to the other chemical and biological activity studies to be carried out with the Salvia species which are one of the richness of our country. Key words: Anti-Bax and Bcl-2 genes, Anticancer, Cytotoxic activities, PDF / MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, Salvia