The analysis of the effects of habitat differences on rattus rattus gut microbiota using molecular identification techniques (Rodentia: Muridae)

Mammals have a symbiotic relationship with various microorganisms called microbiota throughout their lives. These microorganisms are known to affect the host's physiology, health, and even mental balance. In the harbor of the densest and most diverse microorganisms in mammals, the curved structure of the intestines and their rich nutrient content are effective. The development of the gut microbiota is regulated by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. In this study, it is aimed to elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota of mammals living in urban and rural habitats. All taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota of wild and laboratory rats belonging to Rattus rattus species from urban and rural areas of Bilecik province were examined comparatively by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing technique. Thus, 2000 different bacterial species were identified in gut microbiota. According to the Shannon and Simpsons values calculated, laboratory rats showed the highest species diversity. When the similarities of microbiota profiles were compared with pCoA technique, bacterial populations showed variability among different habitats. The comparison species richness between the groups with species rarefaction technique revealed higher species richness in all wild rats, especially in the rural habitat, compared to laboratory rats. Food sources were determined as the most important factor contributing to species richness and diversity. While the increased food variety boosted species richness, species diversity was increased due to the diminished food variety. Our first-hand study has provided valuable information on the effects of different microbial species on host physiology. Key Words: Habitat differences; Microbiota; Natural life; Next Generation Sequencing; Rattus rattus; Urban and Rural Life