The relationship between hadith-ijmā and hadiths considered contrary ijmā

The concept of ijmā, following the Qur'ān and sunnah in the hierarchy of Sharī'ah evidence, derives its authority from the principle that the ummah will not unite on misguidance. Ijmā holds significant influence in the transcription of the Qur'ān into the Mushaf and the preservation of the sunnah by the companions. This thesis aims to determine the effect and function of ijmā on hadiths, which constitute a part of the sunnah, by considering its change and development in the historical process. This thesis aims to investigate the impact and role of ijmā on hadiths, integral components of the sunnah, by examining its evolution throughout history. The study encompasses the historical development of ijmā, the relationship between hadith and ijmā, and narratives alleged to contradict ijmā. Virtually all Islamic sciences have drawn upon the robust authority of ijmā. While classical hadith methodology does not explicitly include ijmā, it is employed in various sub-branches such as commentary, nāsih and mensūh, ilal, jarh-ta'dīl, and hadith legislation. Since the first centuries after the Prophet's (p.b.u.h.) death, ijmā has been effective in the acceptance and rejection of hadiths, sometimes intersecting with the concept of deeds. This study explores the continuity of ijmā's influence during the development of hadith science and how muhaddiths and faqīhs leveraged this function of ijmā. Additionally, it examines the criteria scholars use to assess a hadīth as contrary to ijmā and the methodologies applied in such evaluations. While predominantly focusing on the methods of muhaddiths and faqīhs, the study also considers the perspectives of commentators and theologians, given instances of hadiths conflicting with ijmā. As a result of the research and questions, it has been revealed that ijmā is evaluated differently in theory and practice; although it has no place in the classical hadith methodology, it has been seen that it is included in the practices of some hadith scholars.