The concept of "kufr" (Disbelief) in hadiths and its review

This study consists of an introduction, two main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction outlines the aim and scope of the research, providing a general framework and presenting concepts directly or indirectly related to the thesis topic. The first chapter examines the deeds mentioned in hadiths that include the term "kufr" (disbelief), focusing on those generally interpreted as actual disbelief. The hadiths included in this section due to their importance are analyzed in light of the interpretations offered by scholars from various Islamic schools of thought. In addition, where applicable, the study incorporates views that have reached scholarly consensus (ijmāʿ) regarding the deeds described in these hadiths, thus offers a comprehensive analysis. The second chapter addresses issues described in the hadiths with the expression "kufr", though they are not fundamentally interpreted as disbelief. The deeds mentioned in these reports are clarified using hadith commentaries, verses from the Qur'an, and other hadiths, as not constituting disbelief that excommunicates from Islam. This chapter also includes both chain of transmission (isnād) and content (matn) analyses of the relevant hadiths. Furthermore, tables are provided to present the isnād chains of the cited hadiths and information on narrators subject to jarḥ (criticism). Finally, the thesis concludes with a summary of findings and conclusions drawn from the research, along with recommendations intended to guide future studies.