The interpretation of hakkaklik and seal engraving in the context of genuine printed art

Art has started with the history of mankind. History has been shaped by the remnants of humankind. The traces of these remnants give us the clues of art created by humankind.Since ancient times, some traces found engraved in rigid surfaces such as rocks, horns etc. Following these traces, symbols, signs or handprints that connote belongings showed up. With the use of various materials, those traces which aimed to leave a trace of spells, ornaments, exhibition of belongings, approval etc. can be called the first trials of printing.In the seals, as well, engraving and etching methods were used. As genuine imprint art is mold based art, seals should be accepted as the origin.While making seals, molds were made of various materials such as soil, wood, metal etc.-Sumerians used cylinder stamps which were made of clay.-In old Turkish nations, stamps were engraved into rocks and used to stamp animals and personal belongings.-Ottomans used seal molds that were made of mines such as metal gold, silver, brass, copper, lead mine etc. Also sometimes seals were engraved into some precious gems such as .sardonyx, ruby, emerald, aventurine, turquoise, pebble and jade.Etching stamps has become a branch of art during the reign of Ottoman Empire. Artists engraving stamps were called engraver or intaglio.Engraving isn't simply shaping rocks or metals it is directly related to talent because you can't be a good engraver unless you are a good artist. Engraver, at the same time, should be a talented calligrapher and embellishment master so that he can get his appellation which demonstrates that he deserves to be accepted as a talented artist.The Ottoman Empire, which showed its magnificence by spreading into three continents, had improved its cultural and artistic values and indicated its greatness with Sultan's signatures.Sultan's signature is a calligraphic stamp that shows artistic glory as well. The most perfect one is accepted as Sultan Abdulhamid the second's stamp.Seals were accepted as the art of engravings during the reign of Ottoman Empire.Seals, as well as being historical documents, give us information about civilizations. With the support of scripts and pictures, seals constitute a rich presentation which makes it an important fragment of art. Due to the fact that seals are made by using mold isthe main reason why it is related to genuine imprint art. Since they were usually formed by pitmolding, theyareaccepted as thefirstexamples of gravureengravings.In modern times, many artists and genuine imprint art artists has been inspired by the stamps and the motifs of the stamps.