Makhārij and adjectives of letters in the context of Ḥamd Allāh b. Khair ad-Dīn's work ʿUmdat al-ʿIrfān fī Waṣf Hurūf al-Qurʾān

In this research we took a look at the arabic work ʿUmdatal-ʿIrfān fī waṣf ḥurūf al-Qurʾān" of Ḥamd Allāh b. Khair ad-Dīn (D. 983 AH, 1575 AD.) who lived at times of Sulaimān the Magnificent. He accomplished his work after severel qari reading the Qurʾān without differentiating the letters and causing it to be wrong and bragging about it. The first part of the book dedicated to Suleiman the Magnificent, is about mistakes being made by Qurʾān readers and in the tilāwat of the Qurʾān. The book is sectioned in the makhārij of letters, adjectives, adjectives by letters, adjectives disting uishing the same letters from same makhraj and words with thick or thin letters. Troughout this research we also benefitted of the author's Ottoman work "Jawāher al-ʿIqyān fī Sharḥ ʿUmdat al-ʿIrfān". As our topic being a subthema to Qirāʾāt, the first part of this researc his addressed to the origin, developent and spreading of Qirāʾāt. The second part is about the author's life and works. After years of working as a khaṭīb (person who delivers the sermon) at the Hagia Sophia Mosque he was called the Khaṭīb of Hagia Sophia. Inaddition to his main works in Qirāʾāt we also found the author's works in literature. The next part we used some additional Works to our author's work and first listed the makhraj of letters according to different makhra positions, then due to the order in the Alifba' and next we listed the Makhraj letter by letter in the order given by Ḥamd Allāh b. Khair ad-Dīn. We determined the adjectives of the letters By using our main work as a source as well as other sources and explained those in contrariety. In the next part every well and less know adjectives of the letters are shown in the context of the author's first named work. In the end the different adjective of letters from the same Makhraj are explained.