Operational and financial efficiency measurement in airli̇nes and determining factors of efficiency

The aim of the study is to compare airlines by carrying out measurement of efficiency of them obtaining different business models in terms of operational and financial. The other aim is to reveal variables which have influence on values of efficiency. With this regard, airlines are separated into two groups, namely, traditional and low-cost airlines based on their business models. In the study, it is tried to determine whether there is a significant difference between efficiencies of traditional and low-cost airlines in terms of operational and financial and to aim determining factors affecting efficiency of airlines obtaining different business models in terms of operational and financial. Within this context, 54 airlines, which employ traditional and low-cost business models and operate in many regions in the world, were analyzed. To obtain better results, traditional airlines were separated into large-scale and medium-scale. While the measurement of traditional and low-cost airlines efficiency was carried out with data envelopment analysis, factors affecting efficiency values of airlines were determined by tobit regression model. According to the results of the study, airlines obtaining low-cost business model are more efficient than airlines obtaining traditional business model in terms of operational and financial. Moreover, large-scale traditional airlines are more efficient than medium-scale traditional airlines. In terms of tobit regression model, there are different results for two groups.