Investigation of hedysarum nitidum extracts in the pharmaceutical field

In this thesis, the usability of Hedysarum nitidum in the pharmaceutical field was investigated by examining the biological activity of water and methanol extracts. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography (YPSK) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies were carried out to determine the content of phenolic substance and essential oil components of H. nitidum. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP and CUPRAC values in the water and methanol extracts of H. nitidum were determined as 299.58±2.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample, 481.5±3.74 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample, 2.11±0.12 mg QE/g sample, 26.62±0.68 mg QE/g sample, 176.8026±2.41 µg/mL, 18.0532±1.4 µg/mL, 455±3.14 µM trolox equivalent/gram, 1221±5.72 µM trolox equivalent/g, 551.536±2.84 µM trolox equivalent/g, 1331.826±2.46 µM trolox equivalent/g, respectively. The IC50 values for inhibition of tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase in water and methanol extracts were found to be 65.266±1.45 µg/mL, 43.118±2.24 µg/mL, 47.622±1.45 µg/mL, 67.087±1.14 µg/mL, 106.104 ±1.48 µg/mL, 281.323±2.24 µg/mL, 82.321±1.14 µg/mL, 39.537 ±0.27 µg/mL, 78.288±2.05 µg/mL, 55.490±1.07 µg/mL, respectively. It was observed that the plant extracts did not have a cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell line due to the increase in their concentrations. Methanol extract of H. nitidum showed specific activity on Gram (+) bacteria. p-Hydroxy benzoic acid, caffeic acid and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid were found in the YPSK analysis study on the methanol extract. In the essential oil of H. nitidum, n-octanal (14.95%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (11.09%), humulene epoxide-II (9.81%), α-terpineol (9.12%) and eicosan (8.96%) were detected as major compounds. It has been observed that H. nitidum has good antioxidant activity and strong inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In the light of this information, it was concluded that it would be useful to investigate the use of the plant as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, diabetes and Alzheimer's.