The difference between heidegger's concept of Dasein and the modern subject

Heidegger, one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century, addresses the question of human existence in relation to the forgetfulness of being. In this context, he calls the human being's existence in this world Dasein. Dasein is understood within this world in its relationship with other beings and people. As such, Dasein is not independent of the network of relationships into which it is thrown, nor is it independent of the moods in which it finds itself in every situation. Therefore, all meanings, especially the meaning of being, unfold within the temporality of Dasein. Dasein, then, emerges as a relational, contextual, historical, and temporal being. Modern philosophy represents a process that began with Descartes. Here, Descartes, Hume, and Kant are chosen to investigate their understanding of the subject. Husserl, the founder of phenomenology, is discussed both because he was a turning point in the subject debate and because he directly influenced Heidegger. Dilthey also influenced Heidegger from a hermeneutic perspective. In this process, the human being is conceived through concepts such as subject, cogito, transcendental self, selfhood, and consciousness. When these understandings of the subject are examined through the lens of Heidegger's understanding of Dasein, the differences between them become apparent. The first points to be noted are the substitution of an ontological foundation for the epistemological foundation of the modern subject, and the substitution of a concrete, living human being for an abstract, thinking subject. The questions of what kind of being a human being is and how to live this life well are among the oldest questions in philosophy. In the context of these questions, the modern understanding of the subject represents a sharp turn. Heidegger is one of the culminating points of criticism against this understanding. This thesis aims to make a philosophical contribution to the problems of living today by tracing the similarities and differences between modern understandings of the subject and Heidegger's understanding of Dasein. KEYWORDS: Dasein, Subject, Selfhood, Consciousness, Thrownness, World, Anyone.