Design of the system to examining the coat process in the blood taken for hematological analysis

Hematological analyzes are based on tests to evaluate the content and components of the blood. These tests play an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases. The examination of the coagulation process, which is part of the hematological analysis, evaluates the blood's ability to clot and aids in the diagnosis of bleeding disorders. Therefore, the design of a system to study the coagulation process in blood taken for hematological analysis is of great importance. In this study, a way of observing coagulation and hematological changes in blood was defined as monitoring the impedance change, and a purposeful impedance measurement and monitoring device was designed. Impedance measurement is carried out by applying a constant voltage to the medium and measuring the current passing. The AD5933 is a frequency scanning impedance spectrometer (FTIS) chip developed for universal impedance measurement studies and can be used to measure the impedance of blood as well. An AD5933-based system has been developed to detect clots and monitor hematological changes. To use this system, we need to follow the steps below: 1. Sample Preparation: We prepare the blood sample by taking it into a tube containing K3 EDTA. K3 EDTA usually means adding a reagent that deactivates blood clotting factors. 2. Impedance Measurement: Using the AD5933, we measure the impedance of blood in a specific frequency range (usually at the level of 80 kHz). The AD5933 calculates complex impedance by applying voltage and measuring current. In this way, we obtain the impedance value of the blood sample. 3. Data Analysis: We collect and analyze impedance data provided by AD5933. As the coagulation condition occurs, the formation of the clot affects the impedance values. By correlating the impedance data obtained with time, we examine the impedance changes of coagulation over a given time. 4. Determination of Reference Points: We define specific reference points at different stages of coagulation. These reference points represent characteristic impedance values associated with clot formation. For example, we determine the onset of the clot, its complete formation, and the impedance values after a certain time. 5. Clot Detection: We detect the presence and stages of the clot by comparing the obtained impedance data with reference points. We evaluate the impedance changes associated with clot formation and the characteristics of the process. To show the feasibility of the developed system and the consistency of the results obtained, laboratory tests were carried out and impedance changes were successfully followed between fresh blood and stored blood samples. Another important feature of the coagulation examination system is to enable rapid and accurate evaluation of results. For this reason, a data analysis and reporting unit has been designed in the system, which calculates the impedance parameters, visualizes, and presents the results with graphs. Keywords: Hematology analyzer, AD5933 application, Blood impedance measurement, Coagulation process evaluation, Biomedical impedance analysis