The analysis of the effect of hyperthermia in female germ cells at structural level

Hyperthermia is a state that the body temperature reaches at 41 ºC or higher values that causes heat shock.Heat stress causes abnormalities on ovary. These can be listed as low-quality oocytes producing, oocyte membrane disorder, chromosomal abnormality and abnormality at embryonic development .The damage that hyperthermia makes on ovary through oxidative stres and apoptosis way. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) which can prevent oxidative stres by eliminating the oxygen free radicals, and it is considered as an antioxidant substances that it could return the apoptotic process.All of these reasons,we try to determine that superoxide dismutases?,which was given before hyperthermia, preventive and curative effect on ovary at heat stress and stress-induced hyperthermia by using apoptosis and oxidative stress markers.In this study we use 54 Wistar-albino rats that was divided into nine group which was divided into six rats in each group. The first group was identified as the control group and this group rats set for 20 minutes in a pool which was 22ºC temperature and after that, 24 hours later rats were afflicted and ovarian tissues were taken. The second group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl + Catalase and then for 20 minutes 42 ° C hot water bath was applied and then abandoned 30th minutes after application of hyperthermia and then tissues were taken. The third group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl + catalase, then for 20 minutes 42 º C hot water bath was applied and then abonded 6 hours after application of hyperthermia and then tissue were taken. The fourth group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl+ catalase, then for 20 minutes 42ºC hot water bath was applied and then abonded 24 hours after application of hyperthermia and then tissues were taken.The fifth group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl+catalase, then for 20 minutes 42ºC hot water bath was applied and then abonded 24 hours after application of thyperthermia and then tissues were taken.The sixth group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl+catalase+SOD,then for 20 minutes 42ºC hot water bath was applied and then abonded 30 minutes after application of hyperthermia and then tissues were taken. The seventh group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl+catalase+SOD, then for 20 minutes 42ºC hot water bath was applied and then abonded 6 hoursafter application of hyperthermia and then tissues were taken. The eighth group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl+catalase+SOD, then for 20 minutes 42ºC hot water bath was applied and then abonded 24 hours after application of hyperthermia and then tissues were taken. The ninth group of rats one hour prior to the application of hyperthermia applied NaCl+catalase+SOD, then for 20 minutes 42ºC hot water bath was applied and then abonded 72 hours after application of hyperthermia and then tissues were taken. The tissues obtained from conventional monitoring methods of light microscopyand then paraffin blocks were created. In our study we try to determine superoxide dismutases?(SOD),which is a cytosolic antioxidant, protective features at hyperthermia induced apoptosis by using caspas 3 marker, to determine the proliferation we used PCNA marker and for heat stres we use HSP70 marker.Strong PCNA immunoreactivity were seen in the nuclei of granulosa cells, teca interna cells, oocytes and corpus luteum at the control group. It is determined that PCNA immunoreactivity in secondary follicles granulosa cells and teca interna cells was weaker than other groups by SOD apply.In our study an intense HSP70 staining was observed in follicles granulosa cells, teca interna cells and corpus luteum cells at the control group and catalase+NACl apply control group. But we have noticed that HSP70 staining diminished because of SOD?s protective effect.In our study while the intensity of caspase-3 staining was moderate in the ovarian tissue at the control group and catalase+NACl apply control group, it is determined that SOD prevented apoptosis at the SOD apply group.As a result it was determined that hyperthermy caused marked damage in rat ovarian tissue, oocytes, granulosa cells, teca interna cells and corpus luteum. Damage was especially seen in single layer and multilayer primary follicles and secondary follicles. While staining with PCNA, HSP70 and caspase-3 were more intense at the control group and hyperthermy group, it was significantly weaker at the SOD apply group. SOD?s protective effects were observed clearly at all groups. It is determined SOD apply?s effect lasts 24 hours and decreases relatively after 72 hours. In this way it is concluded that SOD can prevent the negative effect caused by hyperthermy in ovarian tissue.