Investigation the oxidative stress and the antioxidant capacity before and after antiretroviral treatment in HIV infected patients

Objectives: In recent years, the number of HIV infected patients has become a rapidly growing health problem in the world and in our country. After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, survival of HIV infected patients extended about 50 years. Although enormous improvements have been implemented for the therapy of HIV infection since the first discovery of the HIV, chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for higher cardiovascular disease rate. A number of recent studies disclosed higher cardiovascular (CVD) rates in HIV infected patients than those at same age. In these studies, it is found that increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant mechanisms are the reasons of higher CVD rate. In our study, we investigated serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) for the antioxidant capacity and Total Antioxidant Status (TOS) level to determine oxidative stress in the serum samples of newly diagnosed HIV infected patients. Material and Methods: Seventy-two HIV infected patients who were followed up by Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology clinic in Cukurova University Medical Faculty between October 2015- October 2016, were included to the study. We investigated the antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in the serum samples, which are taken before and after 9 month of treatment. The antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection chosen by the clinician was recorded without intervention. On each visit we also recorded CD4 and CD8 T cells, HIV-RNA, hematologic and biochemical tests, which are being investigated routinely. The cardiovascular disease risk score was estimated by Framingham and D:A:D method. Findings: In this study, PON-1 and TOS levels were not statistically significant before and after treatment (p>0.05). The CD4 T cell levels were higher statistically significant in the patients younger than 39 years than the patients older than 40 years. Also, CD+ T cells were significantly higher in women than those in men (p<0.05). Results: In this study, antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection showed no effect on TOS levels and PON-1 activity in the HIV infected patient serum samples before and after 9 month of treatment. Key Words: HIV, AIDS, antiretroviral treatment, Total Oksidant Status, Paraoxonase-1