Frequency of sexually transmitted agents in HIV-positive persons

OBJECTIVE: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are common in many parts of the World. Turkey has also been studied previously for determining factor in the incidence of sexually transmitted HIV-positive people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sexually transmitted disease agents such as N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, U. parvum, HSV 1 and HSV 2, 19 high risk genotype HPV (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, 82) 9 low risk genotype (6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70) and determining the frequency of the agents in HIV-positive individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2015 and April 2016, vaginal and urethral swab samples were collected from 90 HIV positive patients (14 female, 15.6% male, 84.4%). Nucleic acid extraction was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. (Ribospin vRD viral RNA / DNA Extraction Kit, GeneAll, Seegene, South Korea). The factors of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, U. parvum, T. vaginalis were amplified with AnyplexTM II STI-7 Detection (V1.1) (Seegene, South Korea) and products were detected by BioRad real time PCR. Amplification of nucleic acid was performed Anyplex II HPV28 Detection kit (Seegene, South Korea). PCR products were detected by BioRad. HSV type 1 and type 2 were performed Light-Cycler HSV 1/2 Qual Kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). RESULTS: At least one sexually transmitted agent was positive in 49 (54.4%) of the HIV-positive patients. STI positivity was found in 12 (85.7%) of the female patients and 37 (48.7%) of the male patients. In 17 (18.8%) of the patients, only one agent was detected, while 32 (35.5%) were multiple. Trichomonas vaginalis, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were not detected in any of the clinical specimens. HPV was found in 31 (%34,4), U. urealyticum in 20 (22.2%), U. parvum in 15 (16.6%), M. genitalium in 8 (8.8%), , M. hominis in 8 (8.8%), N. gonorrhoeae in 5 (5.5%) and C. trachomatis in 2 (2.2%). High-risk and probably high-risk types were found in 13 (41.9%) of the 31 HPV DNA-positive cases, 6 (6.6%) were in the low-risk type, and 12 (13.3%) were both high and low risky type found together. CONCLUSION: Approximately 55% of HIV (+) individuals without any sexually transmitted disease were found to have one or more non-HIV sexually transmitted agents positive. More than one human papillomavirus serotypes were detected in 35% of these patients. HPV (35%), U.urealyticum (22%) and U.parvum (17%) were the most frequent in HIV (+) individuals. The frequency of other bacterial agents was found to be between 2-8%. T. vaginalis and HSV 1-2 were not detected in any patient. The most common HPV type in patients was 16. Overall, half of the patients were found to be infected with high-risk HPV types. HPV positive patients were referred to the clinic for follow up.