Relations with the Byzantine Empire during the Reign of Rashid Caliphs

Before Islam, the Arabs did not have a regular state structure. After the birth of Islam, the process of nationalization, which began with the emigration of the Prophet, took place very quickly and the two great states of the period began to have multifaceted relations with the Byzantine and Sassanid empires. In this study, we will examine the relations between the Byzantine and Rashid caliphs. The period of Rashid caliphs is the period when Islam began to spread rapidly outside the Arabian peninsula and the lands where the Byzantine struggle against the Sasanis for many years began to be conquered by Muslims. This study consists of three main parts, including the introduction. In the introduction, the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the period of the Prophet, considered as the beginning of the relations between the Muslims and the Byzantine Empire, is discussed. The relations which took place during the reign of the Rashid Caliphs and later period were shaped according to the relations of the Prophet. In the first chapter, the period of Abu Bakr and Omar, the period when the Islamic State began to organize and completed its institutionalization, was discussed. In this period, the Islamic state took over a significant portion of the Byzantine-dominated regions, and Abu Bakr and Omar maintained the attitude of the Prophet against Byzantium in the same way. In the second chapter, during the reign of the Rashid caliphs, the period of Osman which was accepted as the peak and stagnation point of Islamic state; and the period of Ali, considered as a regression period of Islamic state, when relationships were almost stopped, were discussed. In the concluding part of the study, a general evaluation of multifaceted relationships has been made and without sticking to a chronological order; religious, commercial and social relations which were not scrutinized much in the previous chapters, were mentioned