The social change in period of Prophet Muhammad (The sample of Revelation Period)

Since foundation of sociology of religion, many subjects have been examined with this regard and one of the most important subject is religion and social change relations. Unlike such sociologists of classical period as Comte, Durkheim and Weber who are interested in sociology of societies and who carry out general evaluation within their regards (general religion sociology), religion sociologists of contemporary period carry out local ( special religion sociology) studies about specific religions of specific societies and social change relations, instead of carrying out general studies. For example as a follower of Weber, Ernst Troelstch devoted their studies only to Christianism and he carried out his research on all kinds of Christian communities, so that he carried out a local (special religion sociology) study. We may consider it as history, typological and phenomenological sociology of Christianism. Religion Sociology has placed special emphasis on examination of social change subject since mid of twentieth century, examination of social change process has taken up a lot of room in religion sociology literature of the last fifty years. While religion and social change relations are examined, currency is emphasized and in studies it is seen that this subject is neglected in terms of the societies having lived in a period of history. A similar subject is in question for Islam as a world religion. Social change and religion relations in birth of Islam are waiting for being explained in terms of religion sociology. Therefore, main subject of research is explanation of social change emerging in inspiration period of Islam and attitudes with regard to this social change and detection of principles of Islam with regard to social change. This study is a social change theory study to put forth relation between religion and social change and it comprises 23 years of Muhammad. Research aims at making contributions to the studies within the context of social change and religion relations, having been carried to date, in terms of early period Islam. Research detects basic phenomenon which leads to social change in birth of Islam; and it evaluates that the social change, which was expected to be extremely slow and difficult in Arabian society, starts in Mecca society and it passes to Medina society, then it comes back to Mecca society again; in other words change occurs within three axis. By starting that the social change theory, which develops through social developments emerging as a result of class conflicts and coups d'etat emerging in the beginning of 19th century and industrial revolution of 18th century casts light upon changeover of western societies, the research indicates that it is possible to find in the social change of revelation time the examples of phenomenon such as reconciliation, solidarity, competition, organization and dissolution which are referred to in this approach and sociologists interested in the modern era. Therefore it have made a contribution to Islam and social change literature with the circular loop approach. Within the first phase of the thesis, social change within Mecca; in the next phase the social change within Medina period following hejira; and in the last phase social change after conquest of Mecca, which we can signify as return of social change to its beginning point, have been considered.