Design and development of a wireless portable spectrophotometer device for rapid measurement

Research and advancements in the field of healthcare continue at a rapid pace worldwide, yielding promising results in the diagnosis and treatment processes. Today, chronic diseases such as diabetes and kidney failure can be managed more effectively through advanced technologies and innovative treatment methods, leading to significant improvements in treatment outcomes. In particular, early diagnosis plays a crucial role in preserving kidney function in cases of diabetes-induced kidney failure. Biomarkers enable more precise monitoring of kidney function loss. Furthermore, advancements in genetic diagnostic methods have allowed for the early detection of kidney failure risk, and genetic therapies have been integrated into treatment protocols. However, despite these advancements, certain limitations persist in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and kidney failure. The number of biomarkers integrated into clinical practice remains limited, and validation and standardization issues continue in existing diagnostic kits. Additionally, the high costs of these tests and the challenges patients face in accessing them present significant problems. Most of these tests are conducted in specialized centers and require experienced personnel. Variations in blood levels of analytes such as glucose and creatinine are critical for disease progression and control. Although point-of-care testing technologies have advanced in recent years, test panels specifically developed for diabetes and kidney failure remain limited, and issues related to analytical accuracy persist. The integration of optoelectronic technology into point-of-care testing applications can provide significant advantages in the diagnosis and management of diabetes and kidney failure. The objective of this thesis is to analyze metabolite levels required for the diagnosis of diabetes and kidney failure through the design of an advanced optoelectronic system. Within the scope of this study, a portable spectrophotometer device for wireless rapid measurement will be designed and developed to diagnose and monitor diabetes and kidney failure. The developed spectrophotometer aims to enable precise measurement of glucose, creatinine, urea, sodium, chloride, and potassium using a small amount of blood. The ultimate goal is to enhance spectrophotometer technology as an invasive diagnostic device utilizing advanced optoelectronic systems and to integrate it with a software system that transmits biosensor results in real time. The methodology of this project involves the development of an invasive diagnostic spectrophotometer system using advanced optoelectronic technologies, integrated with a real-time biosensor data transmission software. The system will utilize LED light sources at different wavelengths and lenses of varying degrees to conduct optical spectrum measurements of analytes in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions. Through these measurements, the optical absorption spectra of each analyte will be obtained. Accuracy and precision tests will be conducted on reference solutions based on optical absorption spectrum analyses. Once the measurement accuracy of the metabolites in reference solutions is established, validation studies will be carried out on artificial blood samples to optimize the system. The broader impact of this thesis is expected to be recognized in international literature and contribute to scientific publications. The development of an advanced optoelectronic system in this study will pave the way for future research in this field. The proposed spectrophotometer device will play a crucial role in point-of-care testing technologies by enabling the rapid and highly accurate detection of metabolites. The portability of the device will facilitate home and workplace monitoring, reducing hospital visits and inpatient stays. Consequently, it will enhance patient monitoring safety, particularly for elderly, pediatric, and homebound patient groups, making treatment monitoring more accessible and efficient.