Adapazarı and its around in the First Constitutional Monarchy Period (1876-1908)

It is clearly that the importance of Adapazari, which was under the auspices of many civilizations in the historical process, increased even more during the Byzantine and Ottoman State periods. The fact that it is close to Istanbul, which is the capital of two big states, is the most important factor that increases the importances of Adapazari. The geopolitical location of the region, its closeness to the Black Sean and Marmara Sea, and the presence of forest presence have positively effected the development of Adapazari. The introduction of the region to the railway in the late 19th century accelerated this process. The most important factor in the development of Adapazari and its vicinity is migration. Thousands of immigrants coming to the region from the Caucasus and Balkans have changed the demographic structure of the region, ensuring that Adapazari has a great urban identity. In the 19th century, thousands of acres of marsh land was dried for the immigrants who came to the region and the area was made suitable for settlement. However, this also caused some public order problems in the region. The immigrants who came to Adapazari in a hungry and miserable state were involved in some crimes in order to survive. The Ottoman State was often insufficient in preventing crimes, which dangered the security of the region. In this study, administrative, demographic, social ve economic situation of the region was examined between 1876-1908, education activities in the region and public order events were thoroughly examined. During this period, Adapazari was one of the districts linked to the Sanjak of Izmit. Other districts connected to Sanjak; Izmit, Karamursel, Geyve and Kandira. Yalova was connected to the Sanjak of Izmit in 1901 with a change in administrative status. Looking at the population structure, it is seen that there was a balance between Muslims and non-muslims until the middle of the 19th century. Until this period, the balance between two groups that were very close two each other as a population started to changed in favor of Muslims after this period. The most important reason for this is the Muslim immigrants who were resettled to the region. There are many schools of Muslims and non-muslims in Adapazari. It can be said that the region is at an advanced level in terms of educational activities. The ratio of the number of students to general population is good compared to other parts of the Ottoman State. In the region, there are modern schools providing education at various levels. In addition, madrasahs have preserved their existence.