Analsis of buildings constructed in The First National architecture period

First National Architecture Period lasted between 1908 to 1930. Final stage of the Ottoman Empire and establishment time of Republic of Turkey are in the First National Architecture Period. There was a period for technical people to study abroad. They designed the buildings which were constructed in this period. These buildings are usually public buildings. Kemalettin Bey and Vedat Tek who were the most famous architects in this period, went to Europe for higher education. Çapa Anatolian Teacher High School and Sultan Selim Vocational School for Girls buildings which are evaluated in this study are built by Architect Kemalettin Bey. Designers of the other three masonry buildings in this study are not known. Wide eaves and windows, corner tower, heightened entrances are the typical geometric properties of the masonry structures built in this period. In this study, numerical analysis were done determining material properties of the load-bearing system of Çapa Anatolian Teacher High School, Istanbul University MSB Building, Gelenbevi Anatolian High School, Gazi Elementary School and Sultan Selim Vocational School for Girls buildings which are built in the First National Architecture Period. In-situ shear strength tests, pressure and density tests were done in order to determine the mechanical properties of the masonry elements. Numerical analysis was carried out with three methods thereby using the test results. Shear stresses on masonry walls were calculated with modal analysis using SAP2000 programme, equivalent seismic load method. It was also calculated based on torsion. Besides the numerical calculations, constructive rules for masonry structures which take part in Turkish Earthquake Regulations are checked for buildings investigated in this study. Principally, historical structures are not in Turkish Earthquake Regulations, but there is no regulation for historical structures in Turkey, Turkish Earthquake Regulations is taken into the consideration to observe the earthquake behavior of these buildings. According to the results obtained from the analysis of the buildings in this study, except Gazi Elementary School building, all the buildings are carrying earthquake loads. However cause of having wide door and window spaces, damage mechanisms occurred around the spaces. It is observed that local stress concentrations come into existence on the wall during the shear stress control on the masonry walls analyzing with SAP2000 programme. Architectural and structural properties of masonry buildings which were built in the First National Architecture Period are presented with this study by reviewing five masonry buildings.