Umayyad succession system according to İbn Khaldun and a philosophical evaluation of its effects and results

Since the subject of this study is "The Effects and Consequences of the succession System in the Umayyads as According to Ibn Khaldûn: A Study in Terms of Philosophy of History", therefore only the thoughts and evaluations of Ibn Khaldun about the succession System in Umayyads have been investigated. Just as the succession system divided Muslims into different groups, it also divided historians and Islamic scholars into two groups. Some criticized the Umayyad family's sovereignty and others praised qualitatively. Ibn Haldun, who is one of the famous Islamic philosophers, prepared a part of Muḳaddime and al-Iberian for caliphate, caliphate conditions and transformation of the caliphate system from shura to succession. Unlike most Islamic scholars and historians, Ibn Khaldun supported Muâviye and the emergence of the succession system. According to him, Succession system has emerged due to the strong nervousness among the Umayyad family. In this study, contrary to the views of Ibn Khaldun, an attempt is made to compare and investigate the sources that criticizing more Umayyad caliphs and succession system.