The sociological thinking of Ibn Khaldun

bn Khalduns work named Muqaddimah which was written as a foreword ofhis work Kitab-ul İber, includes subjects regarding human, society, and socialactivities. İbn Khaldun analyzes all sorts of social events and foundations whichemerge from humans social life and organization, with ?Science of Umran? he set.İbn Khaldun discussed the history in two sides as enternal and internal andexplained the importance of internal history. At the base of internal Historiography,there is an explanatory attitude on the causes of social events. According to İbnKhaldun, the real aim of history is understanding social position of human, notsimple explaning of the events.It is seen that Ibn Khaldun gives a great deal of importance to MaterialElements at social theory. Divides the society into two pieces as Nomadic andCivilized society and explains this with economical elements. According to him, thedifference at societies structure take its source from the differences of productionforms and living ways.İbn Khaldun built his social theory on assumption which humans are socialcreatures and there is necessity for social life. According to him, it is necessary thathumans live together for producing necessary nutrients on their own and defencing.At the same time, in social life; there is need for an authority, a ruler for protectinghumans from each others charge.The term of tension at İbn Khaldun; is a term that expresses a social groupallegiance.It is a moral togetherness situation of people permanently under the threatof enemy and natural environment. As a collective behaviour form, tension aimsstate establisment. The term ?State? at İbn Khaldun, seems as a foundation atcivilized society. Tension is not enough for setting order at civilized society; politicalpower emerges as a central pressure instrument.