Determination of phenolic acids and organic acids in some plum cultivars and wild genotypes grown in iğdir ecology

Five commercial plum varieties (Autumn Giant, Angelino, Black Berry Splendor, Red Beauty and Green Plum) and five wild varieties are used in this research as material. The aim of the research is to determine pomological properties and vitamin C, organic acid and phenolic compound contents of the studied plum genotypes. Looking at the pomological properties of ten genotypes used in the study; the highest fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length and fruit height were measured as 130.507 g, 56.389 mm, 48.577 mm and 53.340 mm, respectively, in Autumn Giant variety while the highest pedicel length was measured in Red Beauty with 13.705 mm. The highest titratable acidity of 2.061% was observed in Angelino variety while the highest water-soluble dry matter content was measured in Green Plum with 19.945% and the highest pH was detected in Type 5 genotype as 3.7. The highest vitamin C content was detected in Type 2 genotype (29.44 mg 100g-1). As for the organic acids, the highest oxalic acid content was determined in Type 3 genotype (29.44 mg 100g-1), while the highest citric acid was detected in Autumn Giant variety (27.142 mg 100g-1). The highest malic acid content was observed in Black Berry Splendor variety (5.121 mg 100g-1), while the highest succinic and fumaric acid contents were detected in Angelino variety with 5.541 mg 100g-1 and 7.071 mg 100g-1, respectively. Phenolic compound contents were also varied. The highest gallic acid content was determined in Type 4 genotype (2.078 mg 100g-1), as well as the highest catechin (6.971 mg 100g-1), caffeic acid (1.192 mg 100g-1), and syringic acid (0.982 mg 100g-1) contents. The highest protocatechuic, p-coumaric and o-coumaric acid contents were found in Angelino variety as 1.975 mg 100g-1, 1.712 mg 100g-1 and 0.388 mg 100g-1, respectively. The highest chlorogenic acid (20.027 mg 100g-1) and vanillic acid (0.589 mg 100g-1) contents were detected in Autumn Giant variety. The highest ferulic acid content was detected in Type 5 genotype (1.647 mg 100g-1) while the highest rutin content was found in type 1 genotype (0.981 mg 100g-1). When obtained results are elaborated it was seen that there is a significant diversity among varieties and genotypes. The results of this study are considered important since they provide significant data for the improvement programs to-be-planned in the future.