The problematicak and possible future of Northern Syria on the basic of the contested regions

Additionally, the conditions under which they can return to their homes and the problems they may encounter after their return were addressed. The protest demonstrations that began in Syria in March 2011 as a result of the domino effect of the Arab Spring were met with a harsh intervention by the regime loyal to Bashar al-Assad, contrary to the expectations of opposition groups and regional countries. As a result of the Syrian army opening fire on and approaching the protesters in a very harsh manner, some Sunni officers and soldiers in the army left with their weapons and established the Free Syrian Army to join the opposition. After the establishment of the Free Syrian Army, armed clashes began. The opposition groups tried to come together under one umbrella, and some coalitions and commissions were formed. However, it was not possible for the diverse and multi-faceted opposition groups supported by different powers to come together under one roof. The power vacuum in Syria allowed radical groups such as ISIS and HTS to gain strength. However, ISIS had experience from Iraq and possessed technological heavy weapons, so when combined with their brutality, they managed to capture many areas in northern Syria and reached the Turkish border. Subsequently, they started to launch attacks on the Turkish side and carried out suicide bombings against civilians in some settlements in Turkey, causing the death of more than 100 citizens. On the other hand, when PYD/YPG also started to carry out terrorist attacks on the Turkish side after coming to the Turkish border in the same way, Turkey began to launch cross-border operations against ISIS and PYD/YPG by using its legitimate right of self-defense to ensure border security. As a result of the air strikes by the US-led coalition against ISIS, ISIS was forced to withdraw to the south and gradually lost its power and began to disintegrate. Turkey continues to support the Free Syrian Army and subsequently the Syrian Interim Government within the framework of train-and-equip activities to remove terrorist elements such as ISIS and PYD/YPG from its borders, establish a safe zone under the control of the Free Syrian Army, and ensure that these displaced people can return to their homes and maintain their lives in humanitarian and safe conditions, considering their demands justified.. Keywords: Contested Regions, Safe Zone, Civil War-Internal Conflict, Northern Syria.