Implementation of Abdulhamid II's Islamic policy in Middle Eastern

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the Islamic policy applied by Abdulhamid II, over influences and consequences to middle east Muslims and The Great Powers. Informations from several copyrighted works, including archive sources about Islamic policy and Abdulhamid II period, memories and works written in different languages were used. In this study, literatüre review and comparative history practices were used among research methods. In the writting process of the study, sources has been considered to be appropriate by reviewing, reading and noting down. There with the changes of The Great Powers policies and despite his weak financial, military and manpower Abdulhamid II by applying caliphate oriented Islamic policy, has aimed to vitiate the influence of The Great Powers and intended to reach all muslims and to purport that The Ottoman Empire could again have a say. He decided that threat of jihad against The Great Powers is more efficient than call for jihad and it may result in favorable consequences if managed well. Middle east has been a uniting region in terms of Islamic policy of Ottoman Empire with whole world Muslims. The situation has disquited The Great Powers and they have began to tilt against Islamic policy. Mecca has become of vital center for familiarize and disseminate Abdulhamid II's new position as the general representative and protector of Islam and preserving of Ottoman dominance in Hijaz in any case has been of great importance. Hijaz railway, considered to be the most successful activity of Islamic policy, has been construed as a victory against The Great Powers among not only Middle East but the whole world Muslims and it made Muslims think that authority of The Great Powers over Muslims might be disempowered. Reform movements launched in Persian Gulf, Yemen, Palestine and financial, administrative, military and architectural innovations and regulations mapped out has had wide repercussion. Islamic policy was applied in border countries Iran and Egypt in order to restrain The Great Powers activities endangering caliphal position. Activities carried out by Abdulhamid II and The Great Powers estimation about influence of caliphate over world Muslims as papacy are revealed by means of archieve documentaries, memories and various previously prepared works. It was seen that despite the maneuvers of The Great Powers, who desired the collapse of Ottoman Empire has slowed with Islamic policy they obstructed the long-termed implementation of Islamic policy by restraining Muslims from uniting in Middle East in order not to lose their authority and colonies. Keywords: Islamism, Caliphate, Abdulhamid II, The Great Powers.